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Posted: **Sat Mar 25, 2023 12:35 pm**

Great video, as usual, Luis!

Louis

Posted: **Sat Mar 25, 2023 1:30 pm**

Luis Carlos wrote: ↑
Sat Mar 25, 2023 10:27 am

Great video. I have a question (admittedly uneducated on worm anatomy). You diagram the protonephridium anterior to the oral opening, but the intestines posterior to the oral opening. I assume food enters the oral opening and travels through the intestines and then to some excretory organ? If so, how does the protonephridium fit in? What role does it play, and when? Thanks.

Posted: **Sat Mar 25, 2023 3:05 pm**

Thanks for your comments Louise and Macnmotion!

Macnmotion:
In flatworms protonephridia helps in osmoregulation or ion-regulation. They are also helpful in excretion.
According to K. LARSSON and W. WILLEMS (Report on freshwater Catenulida (Platyhelminthes) from Sweden with the description of four new species; Zootaxa 2396: 1–18 (2010)):
“The sinuous protonephridium starts at the anterior brain lobes and ends in a nephridiopore in the posterior end of the animal.”

Posted: **Sat Mar 25, 2023 3:15 pm**

Luis Carlos wrote: ↑
Sat Mar 25, 2023 3:05 pm
Thanks for your comments Louise and Macnmotion!

Macnmotion:
In flatworms protonephridia helps in osmoregulation or ion-regulation. They are also helpful in excretion.
According to K. LARSSON and W. WILLEMS (Report on freshwater Catenulida (Platyhelminthes) from Sweden with the description of four new species; Zootaxa 2396: 1–18 (2010)):
“The sinuous protonephridium starts at the anterior brain lobes and ends in a nephridiopore in the posterior end of the animal.”

Thanks. Nice to learn about this.

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